This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, IWBBIO 2016, held in Granada, Spain, in April 2016. The 69 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 286 submissions. The scope of the conference spans the following areas: bioinformatics for healthcare and diseases; biomedical image analysis; biomedical signal analysis; computational systems for modeling biological processes; eHealth; tools for next generation sequencing data analysis; assistive technology for people with neuromotor disorders; fundamentals of biological dynamics and maximization of the information extraction from the experiments in the biological systems; high performance computing in bioinformatics, computational biology and computational chemistry; human behavior monitoring, analysis and understanding; pattern recognition and machine learning in the -omics sciences; and resources for bioinformatics.