PREFACE xvii -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xix -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxi -- AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY xxiii -- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 -- 1.1 Power System Basics 2 -- 1.2 Conventional Methods 7 -- 1.3 Intelligent Search Methods 9 -- 1.4 Application of The Fuzzy Set Theory 10 -- References 10 -- CHAPTER 2 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS 13 -- 2.1 Mathematical Model of Power Flow 13 -- 2.2 Newton-Raphson Method 15 -- 2.3 Gauss-Seidel Method 31 -- 2.4 P-Q Decoupling Method 33 -- 2.5 DC Power Flow 43 -- 2.6 State Estimation 44 -- Problems and Exercises 48 -- References 49 -- CHAPTER 3 SENSITIVITY CALCULATION 51 -- 3.1 Introduction 51 -- 3.2 Loss Sensitivity Calculation 52 -- 3.3 Calculation of Constrained Shift Sensitivity Factors 56 -- 3.4 Perturbation Method for Sensitivity Analysis 68 -- 3.5 Voltage Sensitivity Analysis 71 -- 3.6 Real-Time Application of the Sensitivity Factors 73 -- 3.7 Simulation Results 74 -- 3.8 Conclusion 86 -- Problems and Exercises 88 -- References 88 -- CHAPTER 4 CLASSIC ECONOMIC DISPATCH 91 -- 4.1 Introduction 91 -- 4.2 Input-Output Characteristics of Generator Units 91 -- 4.3 Thermal System Economic Dispatch Neglecting Network Losses 97 -- 4.4 Calculation of Incremental Power Losses 105 -- 4.5 Thermal System Economic Dispatch with Network Losses 107 -- 4.6 Hydrothermal System Economic Dispatch 109 -- 4.7 Economic Dispatch by Gradient Method 116 -- 4.8 Classic Economic Dispatch by Genetic Algorithm 123 -- 4.9 Classic Economic Dispatch by Hopfield Neural Network 128 -- Appendix A: Optimization Methods Used in Economic Operation 132 -- A.1 Gradient Method 132 -- A.2 Line Search 135 -- A.3 Newton-Raphson Optimization 135 -- A.4 Trust-Region Optimization 136 -- A.5 Newton-Raphson Optimization with Line Search 137 -- A.6 Quasi-Newton Optimization 137 -- A.7 Double Dogleg Optimization 139 -- A.8 Conjugate Gradient Optimization 139 -- A.9 Lagrange Multipliers Method 140 -- A.10 Kuhn-Tucker Conditions 141 -- Problems and Exercises 142 -- References 143 -- CHAPTER 5 SECURITY-CONSTRAINED ECONOMIC DISPATCH 145.

5.1 Introduction 145 -- 5.2 Linear Programming Method 145 -- 5.3 Quadratic Programming Method 157 -- 5.4 Network Flow Programming Method 162 -- 5.5 Nonlinear Convex Network Flow Programming Method 183 -- 5.6 Two-Stage Economic Dispatch Approach 197 -- 5.7 Security Constrained Economic Dispatch by Genetic Algorithms 201 -- Appendix A: Network Flow Programming 202 -- A.1 The Transportation Problem 203 -- A.2 Dijkstra Label-Setting Algorithm 209 -- Problems and Exercises 210 -- References 212 -- CHAPTER 6 MULTIAREAS SYSTEM ECONOMIC DISPATCH 215 -- 6.1 Introduction 215 -- 6.2 Economy of Multiareas Interconnection 215 -- 6.3 Wheeling 220 -- 6.4 Multiarea Wheeling 225 -- 6.5 Maed Solved by Nonlinear Convex Network Flow Programming 226 -- 6.6 Nonlinear Optimization Neural Network Approach 235 -- 6.7 Total Transfer Capability Computation in Multiareas 244 -- Appendix A: Comparison of Two Optimization Neural Network Models 248 -- A.1 For Proposed Neural Network M-9 248 -- A.2 For Neural Network M-10 in Reference [27] 249 -- Problems and Exercises 250 -- References 251 -- CHAPTER 7 UNIT COMMITMENT 253 -- 7.1 Introduction 253 -- 7.2 Priority Method 253 -- 7.3 Dynamic Programming Method 256 -- 7.4 Lagrange Relaxation Method 259 -- 7.5 Evolutionary Programming-Based Tabu Search Method 263 -- 7.6 Particle Swarm Optimization for Unit Commitment 269 -- 7.7 Analytic Hierarchy Process 273 -- Problems and Exercises 293 -- References 295 -- CHAPTER 8 OPTIMAL POWER FLOW 297 -- 8.1 Introduction 297 -- 8.2 Newton Method 298 -- 8.3 Gradient Method 307 -- 8.4 Linear Programming OPF 312 -- 8.5 Modified Interior Point OPF 314 -- 8.6 OPF with Phase Shifter 328 -- 8.7 Multiple Objectives OPF 337 -- 8.8 Particle Swarm Optimization For OPF 346 -- Problems and Exercises 359 -- References 359 -- CHAPTER 9 STEADY-STATE SECURITY REGIONS 365 -- 9.1 Introduction 365 -- 9.2 Security Corridors 366 -- 9.3 Traditional Expansion Method 371 -- 9.4 Enhanced Expansion Method 374 -- 9.5 Fuzzy Set and Linear Programming 385.

Appendix A: Linear Programming 391 -- A.1 Standard Form of LP 391 -- A.2 Duality 394 -- A.3 The Simplex Method 397 -- Problems and Exercises 403 -- References 405 -- CHAPTER 10 APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 407 -- 10.1 Introduction 407 -- 10.2 Renewable Energy Resources 407 -- 10.3 Operation of Grid-Connected PV System 409 -- 10.4 Voltage Calculation of Distribution Network 414 -- 10.5 Frequency Impact of PV Plant in Distribution Network 417 -- 10.6 Operation of Wind Energy [1,10-16] 420 -- 10.7 Voltage Analysis in Power System with Wind Energy 426 -- Problems and Exercises 432 -- References 434 -- CHAPTER 11 OPTIMAL LOAD SHEDDING 437 -- 11.1 Introduction 437 -- 11.2 Conventional Load Shedding 438 -- 11.3 Intelligent Load Shedding 440 -- 11.4 Formulation of Optimal Load Shedding 443 -- 11.5 Optimal Load Shedding with Network Constraints 444 -- 11.6 Optimal Load Shedding without Network Constraints 451 -- 11.7 Distributed Interruptible Load Shedding (DILS) 460 -- 11.8 Undervoltage Load Shedding 467 -- 11.9 Congestion Management 473 -- Problems and Exercises 480 -- References 481 -- CHAPTER 12 OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 483 -- 12.1 Introduction 483 -- 12.2 Mathematical Model of DNRC 484 -- 12.3 Heuristic Methods 486 -- 12.4 Rule-Based Comprehensive Approach 488 -- 12.5 Mixed-Integer Linear-Programming Approach 492 -- 12.6 Application of GA to DNRC 504 -- 12.7 Multiobjective Evolution Programming to DNRC 510 -- 12.8 Genetic Algorithm Based on Matroid Theory 515 -- Appendix A: Evolutionary Algorithm of Multiobjective Optimization 521 -- Problems and Exercises 524 -- References 526 -- CHAPTER 13 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS IN POWER SYSTEMS 529 -- 13.1 Introduction 529 -- 13.2 Definition of Uncertainty 530 -- 13.3 Uncertainty Load Analysis 530 -- 13.4 Uncertainty Power Flow Analysis 542 -- 13.5 Economic Dispatch with Uncertainties 545 -- 13.6 Hydrothermal System Operation with Uncertainty 555 -- 13.7 Unit Commitment with Uncertainties 555 -- 13.8 VAR Optimization with Uncertain Reactive Load 561.

13.9 Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow 563 -- 13.10 Comparison of Deterministic and Probabilistic Methods 574 -- Problems and Exercises 575 -- References 576 -- CHAPTER 14 OPERATION OF SMART GRID 579 -- 14.1 Introduction 579 -- 14.2 Definition of Smart Grid 580 -- 14.3 Smart Grid Technologies 580 -- 14.4 Smart Grid Operation 581 -- 14.5 Two-Stage Approach for Smart Grid Dispatch 597 -- 14.6 Operation of Virtual Power Plants 603 -- 14.7 Smart Distribution Grid 605 -- 14.8 Microgrid Operation 608 -- 14.9 A New Phase Angle Measurement Algorithm 616 -- Problems and Exercises 623 -- References 626 -- INDEX 629.