Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Constants, Conversions and Useful Formulae -- Introduction -- 1 Principles of Modulation and Digital Transmission -- 1.1 Digital Versus Analog -- 1.2 Spectrum in Optical Communications -- 1.3 Linear Response to Square Input Pulses -- 1.4 Principles of Modulation -- 1.5 Modulator Types -- 1.6 Principles of Decoding -- 2 Optical Propagation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Wave Nature of Light -- 2.3 Classical Interference -- 2.4 Quantum Interference -- 2.5 Light Attributes -- 2.6 Matter -- 2.7 Propagation of Light -- 2.8 Diffraction -- 2.9 Polarization -- 2.10 Paradoxes -- 2.11 Material Dispersion -- 2.12 Glass Fiber, an Optical Transmission Medium -- 2.13 Dispersion -- 2.14 Fiber Polarization-Dependent Loss -- 2.15 Self-Phase Modulation -- 2.16 Self-Modulation or Modulation Instability -- 2.17 Effect of Pulse Broadening on Bit Error Rate -- 2.18 Four-Wave Mixing -- 2.19 The Decibel Unit -- 3 Optical Transmitters and Receivers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Transmitter -- 3.3 The Receiver -- 3.4 Detection Techniques -- 4 Overview of DWDM Devices and Networks -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Review of DWDM Components -- 4.3 Interaction of Multiple Channels in Fiber -- 4.4 Review of DWDM Networks -- 5 Noise Sources Affecting the Optical Signal -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Transmission Factors -- 5.3 Thermal Noise -- 5.4 Shot Noise -- 5.5 Flicker or 1/f Noise -- 5.6 Other Noise Sources -- 5.7 Temporal Parameters -- 5.8 Linear, Nonlinear, and Other Effects -- 5.9 Photodetector Responsivity and Noise Contributors -- 6 Timing, Jitter, and Wander -- 6.1 The Primary Reference Source -- 6.2 The Phase-Lock Loop -- 6.3 Bit, Frame and Payload Synchronization -- 6.4 Synchronization Impairments -- 6.5 Network Hierarchy -- 6.6 Theoretical Foundation of Timing Error -- 6.7 Traffic Probability and Signal Quality -- 6.8 Jitter and Wander -- 6.9 Wander -- 7 Probability Theory of Bit Error Rate -- 7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Bit Error Ratio and Bit Error Rate -- 7.3 Definitions -- 7.4 OSNR and Spectral Matching -- 7.5 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio -- 7.6 Shannon's Limit -- 7.7 Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- 7.8 Probability and Statistics 101 -- 7.9 Bit Error Probability -- 7.10 Bit Error Contributors -- 7.11 Bit Error Rate -- 7.12 Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- 7.13 Channel Capacity and SNR -- 7.14 The Quality or Q-Factor -- 7.15 Bit Error Monitoring -- 7.16 BER and Data Patterning -- 7.17 BER and Eye Diagram -- 7.18 Eye-Pattern Mask -- 8 BER Statistical Measurements -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sampling and Statistical Histograms -- 8.3 Statistical Sampling for BER -- 8.4 Estimating BER, Q-factor, and SNR -- 8.5 The BER Circuit -- 8.6 Performance of the BER Circuit -- 8.7 Other Performance Metrics -- 9 Error Detection and Correction Codes -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Code Interleaving -- 9.3 Error Detection and Correction Strategies -- 9.4 Summary -- Appendix A: Statistical Noise in Communications -- Appendix B: Exercises and Simulation Examples Contained in the CD-ROM -- Index.