PREFACE -- GETTING FILES FROM THE WILEY ftp AND INTERNET SITES -- SYMBOLS LIST AND GLOSSARY -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 System Design Process -- 1.2 Organization of the Book -- 1.3 Appendixes -- 1.4 Spreadsheets -- 1.5 Test and Simulation -- 1.6 Practical Skepticism -- 1.7 References -- 2 GAIN -- 2.1 Simple Cases -- 2.2 General Case -- 2.3 Simplification: Unilateral Modules -- 2.4 Nonstandard Impedances -- 2.5 Use of Sensitivities to Find Variations -- 2.6 Summary -- Endnotes -- 3 NOISE FIGURE -- 3.1 Noise Factor and Noise Figure -- 3.2 Modules in Cascade -- 3.3 Applicable Gains and Noise Factors -- 3.4 Noise Figure of an Attenuator -- 3.5 Noise Figure of an Interconnect -- 3.6 Cascade Noise Figure -- 3.7 Expected Value and Variance of Noise Figure -- 3.8 Impedance-Dependent Noise Factors -- 3.9 Image Noise, Mixers -- 3.10 Extreme Mismatch, Voltage Amplifiers -- 3.11 Using Noise Figure Sensitivities -- 3.12 Mixed Cascade Example -- 3.13 Gain Controls -- 3.14 Summary -- Endnotes -- 4 NONLINEARITY IN THE SIGNAL PATH -- 4.1 Representing Nonlinear Responses -- 4.2 Second-Order Terms -- 4.3 Third-Order Terms -- 4.4 Frequency Dependence and Relationship Between Products -- 4.5 Nonlinear Products in the Cascades -- 4.6 Examples: Spreadsheets for IMs in a Cascade -- 4.7 Anomalous IMs -- 4.8 Measuring IMs -- 4.9 Compression in the Cascade -- 4.10 Other Nonideal Effects -- 4.11 Summary -- Endnote -- 5 NOISE AND NONLINEARITY -- 5.1 Intermodulation of Noise -- 5.2 Composite Distortion -- 5.3 Dynamic Range -- 5.4 Optimizing Cascades -- 5.5 Spreadsheet Enhancements -- 5.6 Summary -- Endnotes -- 6 ARCHITECTURES THAT IMPROVE LINEARITY -- 6.1 Parallel Combining -- 6.2 Feedback -- 6.3 Feedforward -- 6.4 Nonideal Performance -- 6.5 Summary -- Endnotes -- 7 FREQUENCY CONVERSION -- 7.1 Basics -- 7.2 Spurious Levels -- 7.3 Two-Signal IMs -- 7.4 Power Range for Predictable Levels -- 7.5 Spur Plot, LO Reference -- 7.6 Spur Plot, IF Reference -- 7.7 Shape Factors -- 7.8 Double Conversion -- 7.9 Operating Regions.

7.10 Examples -- 7.11 Note on Spur Plots Used in This Chapter -- 7.12 Summary -- Endnotes -- 8 CONTAMINATING SIGNALS IN SEVERE NONLINEARITIES -- 8.1 Decomposition -- 8.2 Hard Limiting -- 8.3 Soft Limiting -- 8.4 Mixers, Through the LO Port -- 8.5 Frequency Dividers -- 8.6 Frequency Multipliers -- 8.7 Summary -- Endnotes -- 9 PHASE NOISE -- 9.1 Describing Phase Noise -- 9.2 Adverse Effects of Phase Noise -- 9.3 Sources of Phase Noise -- 9.4 Processing Phase Noise in a Cascade -- 9.5 Determining the Effect on Data -- 9.6 Other Measures of Phase Noise -- 9.7 Summary -- Endnote -- APPENDIX A: OP AMP NOISE FACTOR CALCULATIONS -- A.1 Invariance When Input Resistor Is Redistributed -- A.2 Effect of Change in Source Resistances -- A.3 Model -- APPENDIX B: REPRESENTATIONS OF FREQUENCY BANDS, IF NORMALIZATION -- B.1 Passbands -- B.2 Acceptance Bands -- B.3 Filter Asymmetry -- APPENDIX C: CONVERSION ARITHMETIC -- C.1 Receiver Calculator -- C.2 Synthesis Calculator -- APPENDIX E: EXAMPLE OF FREQUENCY CONVERSION -- APPENDIX F: SOME RELEVANT FORMULAS -- F.1 Decibels -- F.2 Reflection Coefficient and SWR -- F.3 Combining SWRs -- F.3.1 Summary of Results -- F.3.2 Development -- F.3.3 Maximum SWR -- F.3.4 Minimum SWR -- F.3.5 Relaxing Restrictions -- F.4 Impedance Transformations in Cables -- F.5 Smith Chart -- APPENDIX G: TYPES OF POWER GAIN -- G.1 Available Gain -- G.2 Maximum Available Gain -- G.3 Transducer Gain -- G.4 Insertion Gain -- G.5 Actual Gain -- APPENDIX H: FORMULAS RELATING TO IMs AND HARMONICS -- H.1 Second Harmonics -- H.2 Second-Order IMs -- H.3 Third Harmonics -- H.4 Third-Order IMs -- H.5 Definitions of Terms -- APPENDIX I: CHANGING THE STANDARD IMPEDANCE -- I.1 General Case -- I.2 Unilateral Module -- APPENDIX L: POWER DELIVERED TO THE LOAD -- APPENDIX M: MATRIX MULTIPLICATION -- APPENDIX N: NOISE FACTORS-STANDARD AND THEORETICAL -- N.1 Theoretical Noise Factor -- N.2 Standard Noise Factor -- N.3 Standard Modules and Standard Noise Factor -- N.4 Module Noise Factor in a Standard Cascade.

N.5 How Can This Be? -- N.6 Noise Factor of an Interconnect -- N.6.1 Noise Factor with Mismatch -- N.6.2 In More Usable Terms -- N.6.3 Verification -- N.6.4 Comparison with Theoretical Value -- N.7 Effect of Source Impedance -- N.8 Ratio of Power Gains -- Endnote -- APPENDIX P: IM PRODUCTS IN MIXERS -- APPENDIX S: COMPOSITE S PARAMETERS -- APPENDIX T: THIRD-ORDER TERMS AT INPUT FREQUENCY -- APPENDIX V: SENSITIVITIES AND VARIANCE OF NOISE FIGURE -- APPENDIX X: CROSSOVER SPURS -- APPENDIX Z: NONSTANDARD MODULES -- Z.1 Gain of Cascade of Modules Relative to Tested Gain -- Z.2 Finding Maximum Available Gain of a Module -- Z.3 Interconnects -- Z.4 Equivalent S Parameters -- Z.5 S Parameters for Cascade of Nonstandard Modules -- Endnote -- REFERENCES -- Endnote -- INDEX.