This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 21st Annual Simulation Technology and Training Conference, SimTecT 2016, and the 47th International Simulation and Gaming Association Conference, ISAGA 2016, Held as Part of the First Australasian Simulation Congress, ASC 2016, held in Melbourne, VIC, Australia, in September 2016. The 28 revised full papers included in the volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Making the grade; Come to think of it; From here to fidelity; The name of the game; and Ahead of the game.