This book provides a comprehensive overview of cognitive enhancement, the use of different substances and actions (e.g., meditation, video game, smart drugs, food supplements, nutrition, brain stimulation, neurofeedback, physical exercise, music, or cognitive training) to enhance human perception, attention, memory, cognitive control, and action in healthy individuals. Chapters contain research on enhancing procedures and activities that will help to further develop enhancement based on individual needs and interests. Chapters also discuss the underlying mechanism of how these means influence and change behaviors and moods. In addition, the book also provides “real-life” examples in which the several means of cognitive enhancement has been successfully applied.  It concludes with a call to develop more specific, mechanistic theories to guide cognitive enhancing programs as well as the editor’s own tailored-approach proposal for enhancing cognition for individuals.  Featured topics include:  The effect of caffeine on cognitive abilities.  Aerobic exercise and its short-term and long-term effects on cognition.  The effect, if any, of Ritalin and Modafinil on promoting cognitive enhancement.  Temperature variations and its influences on behavior.  The effect of food supplements across the life-span.  Theory-Driven Approaches to Cognitive Enhancement is a must-have resource for psychologists, physicians, sport and exercise scientists, medical scientists, and teachers. “This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of different aspects of cognitive enhancement. The chapters are very focused, well-structured, in-depth, and rounded up by excellent illustrations. I can highly recommend the book to readers interested in the matter.” Dr. Julia Karbach, Goethe-University  “Overall, I think it is a highly original book on a timely topic, with a fresh approach and rich in practical and societal implications. The book is written in a very clear way and it is a pleasure to read.”  Dr. Anna M. Borghi, Sapienza University of Rome.