Contents: Volume 1. Theory -- Part I: Intellectual property as property -- 1. Intellectual property as property / Molly Schaffer Van Houweling -- 2. Anticommons, transaction costs, and patent aggregators / Rebecca S. Eisenberg -- 3. Governing intellectual property / Henry E. Smith -- Part II: IP and incentives -- 4. Philosophical foundations of IP law: The law and economics paradigm / Robert P. Merges -- 5. Intellectual property law and the promotion of welfare / Christopher Buccafusco and Jonathan S. Masur -- 6. Economic models of innovation: Stand-alone and cumulative creativity / Peter S. Menell and Suzanne Scotchmer -- 7. Economic analysis of network effects and intellectual property / Peter S. Menell -- 8. Intellectual property and competition / Herbert Hovenkamp -- 9. Intellectual property and the economics of product differentiation / Christopher S. Yoo -- 10. Price discrimination and intellectual property / Ben Depoorter and Michael J. Meurer -- 11. When are IP rights necessary? Evidence from innovation in IP's negative space / Kal Raustiala and Christopher Jon Sprigman -- 12. Open innovation and ex-ante licensing / Michael J. Burstein -- 13. Prize and reward alternatives to intellectual property / Michael Abramowicz -- Part III: IP costs -- 14. Tailoring intellectual property rights to reduce uniformity cost / Michael W. Carroll -- 15. Intellectual property enforcement costs / Ben Depoorter -- 16. Economic analysis of intellectual property notice and disclosure / Peter S. Menell -- Part IV: IP and institutions -- 17. Patent institutions: Shifting interactions between legal actors / Arti K. Rai -- 18. The economics of collective management / Daniel Gervais -- 19. "The common law" in the law and economics of intellectual property / Shyamkrishna Balganesh -- 20. In the shadow of the law: The role of custom in intellectual property / Jennifer E. Rothman -- 21. Infrastructure theory and IP / Brett Frischmann -- Part V: IP, development, and international trade -- 22. Creative development: Copyright and emerging creatve industries / Sean A. Pager -- 23. Intellectual property and economic development: A guide for scholarly and policy research / Shubha Ghosh -- 24. Economic development and intellectual property rights: Key analytical results from economics / Keith E. Maskus -- Index. -- Volume 2. Analytical methods -- Part I: Empirical methods -- 1. Data sources on patents, copyrights, trademarks, and other intellectual property / Ted Sichelman and David L. Schwartz -- Part II: Empirical studies relating to patents -- Section a: Metrics -- 2. Patent citation data in social science research: Overview and best practices / Adam B. Jaffe and Gaétan de Rassenfosse -- 3. Patent value / John R. Allison -- Section b: Patent institutions and litigation -- 4. Empirical scholarship on the prosecution process at the PTO / Melissa F. Wasserman and Michael D. Frakes -- 5. The USPTO's patent trial and appeal board / Arti K. Rai and Saurabh Vishnubhakat -- 6. The federal circuit as an institution / Ryan Vacca -- 7. Empirical studies of claim construction / J. Jonas Anderson and Peter S. Menell -- 8. Empirical studies of the International Trade Commission / Colleen V. Chien and David L. Schwartz -- 9. Technical standards, standards-setting organizations and intellectual property: A survey of the literature (with an emphasis on empirical approaches) / Jorge L. Contreras -- 10. Empirical studies of patent pools / Michael Mattioli -- 11. Empirical analyses related to university patenting / Arvids A. Ziedonis -- Part III: Patent law doctrines -- 12. Empirical studies in patentability / Ronald Mann and Christopher Cotropia -- 13. Patent duration / Brian J. Love -- 14. Infringement / Lee Petherbridge and Jason Rantanen -- 15. Presumption of validity / Christopher B. Seaman -- 16. Inequitable conduct and patent misuse / Lee Petherbridge and Jason Rantanen -- 17. Remedies / Thomas F. Cotter and John M. Golden -- Part IV: Technology-specific studies -- 18. Patent rights and innovation: Evidence from the semiconductor industry / Rosemarie H. Ziedonis and Alberto Galasso -- 19. Patent trolls / Jay Kesan -- 20. Patents and innovation in economic history / Petra Moser -- 21. The political economy of intellectual property reforms / Jay P. Kesan and Andres A. Gallo -- Part V: Empirical studies relating to copyright -- 22. Empirical studies of copyright litigation / Matthew Sag -- 23. Empirical studies of copyright registration / Dotan Oliar -- 24. Copyright and technological change in music, movies, and books / Joel Waldfogel -- 25. Music copyright / Peter DiCola -- 26. Experiments in intellectual property / Christopher Buccafusco and Christopher Jon Sprigman -- 27. The effect of copyright law on access to works / Paul J. Heald -- Part VI: Empirical studies of trademark law -- 28. Empirical studies of trademark law / Barton Beebe -- Part VII: Empirical methods in trade secret research -- 29. Empirical methods in trade secret research / Michael Risch -- Part VIIi: Knowledge commons -- 30. Knowledge commons -- Katherine J. Strandburg and Brett M. Frischmann -- Index.