From Frequency to Time-Average-Frequency; Contents; Foreword; Preface; A Paradigm Shift; In Electrical World We Only Deal with Two Things: Level and Time; Internet of Things and the Clock; Clock Is Enabler for System-Level Innovation; What Is New on Clock? Flexibility versus Spectrum Purity; Clock Is Not PLL; It Is Much Bigger; "Jittery" Clock Is Not Necessarily a Bad Thing; The Power of Idea; Acknowledgment; 1 Importance of Clock Signal in Modern Microelectronic Systems; 1.1 Clock Technology: One of the Four Fundamental Technologies in IC Design

1.2 Clock Signal Generator: The Knowledge-and-Skill Gap between Its Creator and Its User1.3 How Is Sense-of-Time Created in Electrical World?; 1.4 All Microelectronic Systems Are Frequency Driven; 1.5 A New Kid in Town: The Clock Architect; References; 2 Everything about the Clock; 2.1 Clock Generation; 2.2 Clock Distribution: Functional; 2.3 Clock Distribution: Physical; 2.4 Clock Usage: System Perspective; 2.5 Clock Usage: Electrical Perspective; 2.6 Clock Signal Quality; 2.7 Clock Network Power Consumption; References

3 A Different Way of Constructing a Clock Signal: Time-Average-Frequency3.1 Motivation; 3.2 Clock is Trigger and Gatekeeper: Essence of Stage-by-Stage Operation; 3.3 Time-Average-Frequency: Brief Review; 3.4 Circuit Architecture of Time-Average-Frequency Direct Period Synthesis; 3.5 The Two Long-Lasting Problems: Small Frequency Granularity and Fast Frequency Switching; 3.6 Time-Average-Frequency and "Jittery" Clock; 3.7 Frequency Switching and Waveform Establishment in TAF-DPS Clock Generator; 3.8 Allan Variance of TAF-DPS Clock Signal

3.9 Behavior of TAF clock Signal Under the Scope of Jitter3.10 Spectrum of TAF Clock Signal; 3.11 Impact of Implementation Imperfection; References; 4 Time-Average-Frequency and Special Clocking Techniques: Gapped Clock, Stretchable Clock, and Pausible Clock; 4.1 Gapped Clock and Synchronous FIFO; 4.2 Stretchable Clock, Pausible Clock, and Asynchronous FIFO; 4.3 Time-Average-Frequency Operation of Gapped Clock, Stretchable Clock, and Pausible Clock; References; 5 Microelectronic System Design in the Field of Time-Average-Frequency: A Paradigm Shift

5.1 Digital Data Communication in the Field of Frequency5.2 Data Transfer in Time-Average-Frequency Field: Transmitting Clock Available; 5.3 Data Transfer in Time-Average-Frequency Field: Clockless Transmission; 5.4 Clock Data Recovery in Time-Average-Frequency Field; 5.5 Network-on-Chip GALS Strategy in Time-Average-Frequency Field; 5.6 Network Time Synchronization in Time-Average-Frequency Field: Improved Time Granularity and Frequency Granularity; 5.7 Crystalless Reference and Time-Average-Frequency Driven VLSI System: Source for Frequency Reference