List of Figures xi -- List of Tables xv -- Acronyms xvii -- Preface xix -- 1 INTRODUCTION 1 -- 1.1 Background 1 -- 1.2 DSRC AND VANET 2 -- 1.2.1 DSRC 2 -- 1.2.2 VANET 3 -- 1.2.3 Characteristics of VANET 6 -- 1.3 Security and Privacy Threats 7 -- 1.4 Security and Privacy Requirements 8 -- 1.5 Challenges and Prospects 9 -- 1.5.1 Conditional Privacy Preservation in VANETs 9 -- 1.5.2 Authentication with Efficient Revocation in VANETs 10 -- 1.6 Standardization and Related Activities 11 -- 1.7 Security Primitives 13 -- 1.8 Outline of the Book 17 -- References 17 -- 2 GSIS: GROUP SIGNATURE AND ID-BASED SIGNATURE-BASED SECURE AND PRIVACY-PRESERVING PROTOCOL 21 -- 2.1 Introduction 21 -- 2.2 Preliminaries and Background 23 -- 2.2.1 Group Signature 23 -- 2.2.2 Bilinear Pairing and ID-Based Cryptography 23 -- 2.2.3 Threat Model 23 -- 2.2.4 Desired Requirements 24 -- 2.3 Proposed Secure and Privacy-Preserving Protocol 25 -- 2.3.1 Problem Formulation 25 -- 2.3.2 System Setup 27 -- 2.3.3 Security Protocol between OBUs 29 -- 2.3.4 Security Protocol between RSUs and OBUs 38 -- 2.4 Performance Evaluation 41 -- 2.4.1 Impact of Traffic Load 43 -- 2.4.2 Impact of Cryptographic Signature Verification Delay 43 -- 2.4.3 Membership Revocation and Tracing Efficiency 45 -- 2.5 Concluding Remarks 47 -- References 47 -- 3 ECPP: EFFICIENT CONDITIONAL PRIVACY PRESERVATION PROTOCOL 51 -- 3.1 Introduction 51 -- 3.2 System Model and Problem Formulation 52 -- 3.2.1 System Model 52 -- 3.2.2 Design Objectives 54 -- 3.3 Proposed ECPP Protocol 55 -- 3.3.1 System Initialization 55 -- 3.3.2 OBU Short-Time Anonymous Key Generation 56 -- 3.3.3 OBU Safety Message Sending 62 -- 3.3.4 OBU Fast Tracking Algorithm 63 -- 3.4 Analysis on Conditional Privacy Preservation 64 -- 3.5 Performance Analysis 66 -- 3.5.1 OBU Storage Overhead 66 -- 3.5.2 OBU Computation Overhead on Verification 66 -- 3.5.3 TA Computation Complexity on OBU Tracking 68 -- 3.6 Concluding Remarks 69 -- References 69 -- 4 PSEUDONYM-CHANGING STRATEGY FOR LOCATION PRIVACY 71.

4.1 Introduction 71 -- 4.2 Problem Definition 73 -- 4.2.1 Network Model 73 -- 4.2.2 Threat Model 74 -- 4.2.3 Location Privacy Requirements 75 -- 4.3 Proposed PCS Strategy for Location Privacy 75 -- 4.3.1 KPSD Model for PCS Strategy 75 -- 4.3.2 Anonymity Set Analysis for Achieved Location Privacy 79 -- 4.3.3 Feasibility Analysis of PCS Strategy 85 -- 4.4 Performance Evaluation 86 -- 4.5 Concluding Remarks 89 -- References 89 -- 5 RSU-AIDED MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION 91 -- 5.1 Introduction 91 -- 5.2 System Model and Preliminaries 93 -- 5.2.1 System Model 93 -- 5.2.2 Assumption 93 -- 5.2.3 Problem Statement 94 -- 5.2.4 Security Objectives 95 -- 5.3 Proposed RSU-Aided Message Authentication Scheme 96 -- 5.3.1 Overview 96 -- 5.3.2 Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement between RSUs and Vehicles 96 -- 5.3.3 Hash Aggregation 98 -- 5.3.4 Verification 99 -- 5.3.5 Privacy Enhancement 100 -- 5.4 Performance Evaluation 101 -- 5.4.1 Message Loss Ratio 102 -- 5.4.2 Message Delay 102 -- 5.4.3 Communication Overhead 104 -- 5.5 Security Analysis 105 -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks 106 -- References 107 -- 6 TESLA-BASED BROADCAST AUTHENTICATION 109 -- 6.1 Introduction 109 -- 6.2 Timed Efficient and Secure Vehicular Communication Scheme 110 -- 6.2.1 Preliminaries 110 -- 6.2.2 System Formulation 112 -- 6.2.3 Proposed TSVC Scheme 113 -- 6.2.4 Enhanced TSVC with Nonrepudiation 118 -- 6.2.5 Discussion 123 -- 6.3 Security Analysis 129 -- 6.4 Performance Evaluation 129 -- 6.4.1 Impact of Vehicle Moving Speed 131 -- 6.4.2 Impact of Vehicle Density 132 -- 6.5 Concluding Remarks 134 -- References 134 -- 7 DISTRIBUTED COOPERATIVE MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION 137 -- 7.1 Introduction 137 -- 7.2 Problem Formulation 138 -- 7.2.1 Network Model 138 -- 7.2.2 Security Model 139 -- 7.3 Basic Cooperative Authentication Scheme 140 -- 7.4 Secure Cooperative Authentication Scheme 141 -- 7.4.1 Evidence and Token for Fairness 142 -- 7.4.2 Authentication Proof 145 -- 7.4.3 Flows of Proposed Scheme 146 -- 7.5 Security Analysis 147.

7.5.1 Linkability Attack 147 -- 7.5.2 Free-Riding Attack without Authentication Efforts 147 -- 7.5.3 Free-Riding Attack with Fake Authentication Efforts 148 -- 7.6 Performance Evaluation 148 -- 7.6.1 Simulation Settings 148 -- 7.6.2 Simulation Results 149 -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks 150 -- References 151 -- 8 CONTEXT-AWARE COOPERATIVE AUTHENTICATION 153 -- 8.1 Introduction 153 -- 8.2 Message Trustworthiness in VANETs 156 -- 8.3 System Model and Design Goal 159 -- 8.3.1 Network Model 159 -- 8.3.2 Attack Model 159 -- 8.3.3 Design Goals 160 -- 8.4 Preliminaries 160 -- 8.4.1 Pairing Technique 160 -- 8.4.2 Aggregate Signature and Batch Verification 160 -- 8.5 Proposed AEMAT Scheme 161 -- 8.5.1 System Setup 161 -- 8.5.2 Registration 162 -- 8.5.3 SER Generation and Broadcasting 162 -- 8.5.4 SER Opportunistic Forwarding 162 -- 8.5.5 SER Aggregated Authentication 163 -- 8.5.6 SER Aggregated Trustworthiness 165 -- 8.6 Security Discussion 168 -- 8.6.1 Collusion Attacks 168 -- 8.6.2 Privacy Protection of Witnesses 168 -- 8.7 Performance Evaluation 169 -- 8.7.1 Transmission Cost 169 -- 8.7.2 Computational Cost 169 -- 8.8 Concluding Remarks 170 -- References 170 -- 9 FAST HANDOVER AUTHENTICATION BASED ON MOBILITY PREDICTION 173 -- 9.1 Introduction 173 -- 9.2 Vehicular Network Architecture 175 -- 9.3 Proposed Fast Handover Authentication Scheme Based on Mobility Prediction 176 -- 9.3.1 Multilayer Perceptron Classifier 176 -- 9.3.2 Proposed Authentication Scheme 178 -- 9.4 Security Analysis 183 -- 9.4.1 Replay Attack 183 -- 9.4.2 Forward Secrecy 183 -- 9.5 Performance Evaluation 184 -- 9.6 Concluding Remarks 185 -- References 186 -- Index 187.