CONTRIBUTORS xxiii -- PREFACE xxix -- I SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING METHODOLOGIES 1 -- 1 A SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABILITY 3 /Ali G. Hessami, Feng Hsu, and Hamid Jahankhani -- 1.1 Introduction 3 -- 1.2 A Unified Systems Sustainability Concept 5 -- 1.3 Sustainability Assurance: The Framework 6 -- 1.4 Technological Sustainability Case Study-Information Systems Security 13 -- 1.5 Conclusions 17 -- 2 SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS THINKING IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 21 /Keith W. Hipel, Liping Fang, and Michele Bristow -- 2.1 Introduction 21 -- 2.3 Complex Adaptive Systems 32 -- 2.4 Risk, Uncertainty, and Unpredictability 37 -- 2.5 System of Systems Modeling and Policy Development 42 -- 2.6 Conclusions 58 -- 3 SYSTEMIC YOYOS: AN INTUITION AND PLAYGROUND FOR GENERAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 71 /Yi Lin, Yi Dongyun, and Zaiwu Gong -- 3.1 Introduction 71 -- 3.2 Theoretical and Empirical Justifications 81 -- 3.3 Elementary Properties of Yoyo Fields 91 -- 3.4 Applications in Social Sciences 102 -- 3.5 Applications in Economics 113 -- 3.6 Applications in the Foundations of Mathematics 127 -- 3.7 Applications in Extreme Weather Forecast 137 -- 3.8 Conclusions 143 -- 4 GREY SYSTEM: THINKING, METHODS, AND MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS 153 /Sifeng Liu, Jeffrey Y.L. Forrest, and Yingjie Yang -- 4.1 Introduction 153 -- 4.2 Sequence Operators 157 -- 4.3 Grey Incidence Analysis 163 -- 4.4 Grey Cluster Evaluation Models 168 -- 4.5 Grey Prediction Models 176 -- 4.6 Grey Models for Decision-Making 193 -- 4.7 Practical Applications 202 -- 4.8 Introduction to the Software of Grey System Modeling 211 -- 5 BUILDING RESILIENCE: NAVAL EXPEDITIONARY COMMAND AND CONTROL 225 /Christopher Nemeth, Thomas Miller, Michael Polidoro, and C. Matthew O'Connor -- 5.1 Introduction 225 -- 5.2 Expeditionary Operations Command and Control 226 -- 5.3.1 Envisioned World Problem 229 -- 5.4 Discussion 232 -- 5.5 Future Work 236 -- 5.6 Conclusions 237 -- II LEARNING AND CONTROL 241 -- 6 ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES ON INTELLIGENT LEARNING IN CONTROL SYSTEMS 243 /Ching-Chih Tsai, Kao-Shing Hwang, Alan Liu, and Chia-Feng Juang.

6.1 Introduction 243 -- 6.2 Reinforcement Learning 245 -- 6.3 Bio-Inspired Evolutionary Learning Control 252 -- 6.4 Intelligent Learning Control Using Fuzzy Neural Networks 254 -- 6.5 Case-Based Reasoning and Learning 257 -- 6.6 Conclusions 260 -- 7 ADAPTIVE CLASSIFIERS FOR NONSTATIONARY ENVIRONMENTS 265 /Cesare Alippi, Giacomo Boracchi, Manuel Roveri, Gregory Ditzler, and Robi Polikar -- 7.1 Introduction 265 -- 7.2 Definition of the Problem 266 -- 7.3 Learning Concept Drifts 268 -- 7.4 Change Detection 272 -- 7.5 Assessing the Performance: Figures of Merit 278 -- 7.6 Conclusions 282 -- 8 MODELING, ANALYSIS, SCHEDULING, AND CONTROL OF CLUSTER TOOLS IN SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION 289 /Nai Qi Wu, Mengchu Zhou, Feng Chu, and Sayd Mammar -- 8.1 Introduction 289 -- 8.2 Cluster Tools and Their Operations 290 -- 8.3 Modeling and Performance Evaluation 295 -- 8.4 Single Cluster Tool Scheduling 302 -- 8.5 Scheduling of Multi-cluster Tools 308 -- 8.6 Conclusions 311 -- 9 DESIGN, SIMULATION, AND DYNAMIC CONTROL OF LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING PROCESS WITH DIFFERENT FORMS OF UNCERTAINTIES 317 /Hyunsoo Lee and Amarnath Banerjee -- 9.1 Introduction 317 -- 9.2 Background and Literature Review 322 -- 9.3 Different Types of Uncertainties and FCPN-std 327 -- 9.4 Design of Large-Scale Manufacturing Processes 333 -- 9.5 Dynamic Control of Manufacturing Processes 335 -- 9.6 Conclusions 339 -- 10 MODEL IDENTIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE-EVENT SYSTEMS 343 /Maria Paola Cabasino, Philippe Darondeau, Maria Pia Fanti, and Carla Seatzu -- 10.1 Introduction 343 -- 10.2 Background on Finite State Automata and Petri Nets 344 -- 10.3 Identification and Synthesis of Languages and Finite State Automata 347 -- 10.4 Identification and Synthesis of Petri Nets 349 -- 10.5 Process Mining and Workflow Problems 361 -- 10.6 Conclusions 363 -- III HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS DESIGN 367 -- 11 ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN INTELLIGENT ADAPTIVE INTERFACE DESIGN 369 /Ming Hou, Haibin Zhu, Mengchu Zhou, and Robert Arrabito.

11.1 Introduction 369 -- 11.2 Evolution of Interface Technologies and IAI Concept 372 -- 11.3 Challenges of IAI Design, Alternative Solutions, and Empirical Investigations 381 -- 11.4 Multiagent-Based Design and Operator-Agent Interaction 389 -- 11.5 A Generic IAI System Architecture and AIA Components 397 -- 11.6 An IAI and AIA Design: Case Study 405 -- 11.7 Conclusions 415 -- 12 A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS APPROACH TO HUMAN-AUTOMATION INTERACTION IN SMART GRID 425 /Alireza Fereidunian, Hamid Lesani, Mohammad Ali Zamani, Mohamad Amin Sharifi Kolarijani, Negar Hassanpour, and Sina Sharif Mansouri -- 12.1 Introduction 425 -- 12.2 Complexity in Systems Science and Engineering 426 -- 12.3 Complex Adaptive Systems 436 -- 12.4 System of Systems 442 -- 12.5 Complex Adaptive System of Systems 453 -- 12.6 Human-Automation Interaction 454 -- 12.7 HAI in Smart Grid as a Casos 462 -- 12.8 Petri Nets for Complex Systems Modeling 467 -- 12.9 Model-Based Implementation of Adaptive Autonomy 471 -- 12.10 Adaptive Autonomy Realization Using Petri Nets 473 -- 12.11 Conclusions 483 -- 13 VIRTUAL TRAINING FOR PROCEDURAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDIES AND LESSONS LEARNT 501 /Dawei Jia, Asim Bhatti, and Saeid Nahavandi -- 13.1 Introduction 501 -- 13.2 Related Work 502 -- 13.3 Present Study 505 -- 13.4 Case Study 1 509 -- 13.5 Case Study 2 516 -- 13.6 Lessons Learnt and Future Work 527 -- 13.7 Conclusions 531 -- 14 COMPUTER SUPPORTED COLLABORATIVE DESIGN: TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS 537 /Weiming Shen, Jean-Paul Barthes, and Junzhou Luo -- 14.1 Introduction 537 -- 14.2 History of Computer Supported Collaborative Design 538 -- 14.3 Methods, Techniques, and Technologies 542 -- 14.4 Collaborative Design Systems 555 -- 14.5 Applications 560 -- 14.6 Research Challenges and Opportunities 561 -- 14.7 Conclusions 564 -- 15 SUPPORT COLLABORATION WITH ROLES 575 /Haibin Zhu, Mengchu Zhou, and Ming Hou -- 15.1 Introduction 575 -- 15.2 Benefits of Roles in Collaboration 577 -- 15.3 Role-Based Collaboration 585.

15.4 E-Cargo Model 590 -- 15.5 A Case Study with RBC and E-Cargo 592 -- 15.6 Conclusions 595 -- IV CLOUD AND SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING 599 -- 16 CONTROL-BASED APPROACHES TO DYNAMIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN CLOUD COMPUTING 601 /Pengcheng Xiong, Calton Pu, Zhikui Wang, and Gueyoung Jung -- 16.1 Introduction 601 -- 16.2 Experimental Setup and Application Models 603 -- 16.2.1 Test Bed and Control Architecture for a Multi-Tier Application 604 -- 16.3 Dynamic Resource Allocation Through Utilization Control 607 -- 16.4 Performance Guarantee Through Dynamic Resource Allocation 612 -- 16.5 Conclusions 614 -- 17 A PETRI NET SOLUTION TO PROTOCOL-LEVEL MISMATCHES IN SERVICE COMPOSITION 619 /Pengcheng Xiong, Mengchu Zhou, Calton Pu, and Yushun Fan -- 17.1 Introduction 619 -- 17.2 Modeling Service Interaction with Petri Nets 624 -- 17.3 Protocol-Level Mismatch Analysis 630 -- 17.4 Illustrating Examples 636 -- 17.5 Conclusions 638 -- 18 SERVICE-ORIENTED WORKFLOW SYSTEMS 645 /Wei Tan and Mengchu Zhou -- 18.1 Introduction 645 -- 18.2 Workflow in SOC: State of the Art 647 -- 18.3 Open Issues 652 -- 18.4 Conclusions 656 -- V SENSING, NETWORKING, AND OPTIMIZATION IN ROBOTICS AND MANUFACTURING 661 -- 19 REHABILITATION ROBOTIC PROSTHESES FOR UPPER EXTREMITY 663 /Han-Pang Huang, Yi-Hung Liu, Wei-Chen Lee, Jiun-Yih Kuan, and Tzu-Hao Huang -- 19.1 Introduction 663 -- 19.2 Rehabilitation Robot Arm and Control 664 -- 19.3 Rehabilitation Robot Hand 678 -- 19.4 Stability of Neuroprosthesis 683 -- 19.5 Conclusions 691 -- 20 ACCELEROMETER-BASED BODY SENSOR NETWORK (BSN) FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING 699 /Ming-Yih Lee, Kin Fong Lei, Wen-Yen Lin, Wann-Yun Shieh, Wen-Wei Tsai, Simon H. Fu, and Chung-Hsien Kuo -- 20.1 Introduction 699 -- 20.2 Body Sensor Network 700 -- 20.3 Information Retrieved from Accelerometer 702 -- 20.4 Recent Advances in Accelerometer-Based BSN 703 -- 20.5 Applications of Accelerometer-Based BSN for Rehabilitation 711 -- 20.6 BSN Simulation System 715 -- 20.7 Conclusions 718.

21 TELEPRESENCE ROBOTS FOR MEDICAL AND HOMECARE APPLICATIONS 725 /Jun-Ming Lu and Yeh-Liang Hsu -- 21.1 Introduction 725 -- 21.2 Surgery, Diagnosis, and Consultation 727 -- 21.3 Rehabilitation and Therapy 728 -- 21.4 Monitoring and Assistance 728 -- 21.5 Communication 729 -- 21.6 Key Factors Contributing to the Success of Telepresence Robots 729 -- 21.7 Conclusions 732 -- 22 ADVANCES IN CLIMBING ROBOTS 737 /Jizhong Xiao and Hongguang Wang -- 22.1 Introduction 737 -- 22.2 Technologies for Adhering to Surfaces 738 -- 22.3 Locomotion Techniques of Climbing Robots 755 -- 22.4 Conclusions 759 -- 23 DATA PROCESSING IN CURRENT 3D ROBOTIC PERCEPTION SYSTEMS 767 /Cang Ye -- 23.1 Introduction 767 -- 23.2 An LIDAR-Based Terrain Mapping and Navigation System 771 -- 23.3 FLC-Based Systems 781 -- 23.4 Conclusions 791 -- 24 HYBRID/ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY MANUFACTURING: THE STATE-OF-THE-ART 795 /Claudia P. Arenas Guerrero, Feng Ju, Jingshan Li, Guoxian Xiao, and Stephan Biller -- 24.1 Introduction 795 -- 24.2 Vehicle Battery Requirements 796 -- 24.3 Hybrid, Plug-In Hybrid, and Electric Vehicle 797 -- 24.4 Battery Technology Development 798 -- 24.5 Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery 799 -- 24.6 Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) Battery 802 -- 24.7 Challenges 810 -- 24.8 Conclusions 812 -- 25 RECENT ADVANCES AND ISSUES IN FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEMS 817 /Feng Chu, Zhanguo Zhu, and Sayd Mammar -- 25.1 Introduction 817 -- 25.2 A Capacitated Plant Location Problem with Multicommodity Flow 819 -- 25.3 A Multitype Transshipment Point Location Problem with Multicommodity Flow 821 -- 25.4 A Large Scale New Variant of Capacitated Clustering Problem 824 -- 25.5 A Location Problem with Selective Matching and Vehicles Assignment 826 -- 25.6 Competitive Facility Location and Design with Reactions of Competitors Already in the Market 828 -- 25.7 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 831 -- References 832 -- INDEX 835.