Preface xiii -- Organization of This Book xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- About the Author xix -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 What Is an Electric Vehicle? 1 -- 1.2 Overview of EV Challenges 3 -- 1.2.1 Pure Electric Vehicle 4 -- 1.2.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle 4 -- 1.2.3 Gridable Hybrid Electric Vehicle 5 -- 1.2.4 Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicle 5 -- 1.3 Overview of EV Technologies 6 -- 1.3.1 Motor Drive Technology 6 -- 1.3.2 Energy Source Technology 9 -- 1.3.3 Battery Charging Technology 11 -- 1.3.4 Vehicle-to-Grid Technology 14 -- References 16 -- 2 DC Motor Drives 19 -- 2.1 System Configurations 19 -- 2.2 DC Machines 20 -- 2.2.1 Structure of DC Machines 20 -- 2.2.2 Principle of DC Machines 22 -- 2.2.3 Modeling of DC Machines 22 -- 2.3 DC-DC Converters 24 -- 2.3.1 DC-DC Converter Topologies 24 -- 2.3.2 Soft-Switching DC-DC Converter Topologies 27 -- 2.4 DC Motor Control 28 -- 2.4.1 Speed Control 29 -- 2.4.2 Regenerative Braking 31 -- 2.5 Design Criteria of DC Motor Drives for EVs 33 -- 2.6 Design Example for EVs 34 -- 2.7 Application Examples of DC Motor Drives in EVs 35 -- 2.8 Fading Technology for EVs? 38 -- References 38 -- 3 Induction Motor Drives 39 -- 3.1 System Configurations 39 -- 3.2 Induction Machines 40 -- 3.2.1 Structure of Induction Machines 41 -- 3.2.2 Principle of Induction Machines 42 -- 3.2.3 Modeling of Induction Machines 44 -- 3.3 Inverters for Induction Motors 46 -- 3.3.1 PWM Switching Inverters 47 -- 3.3.2 Soft-Switching Inverters 50 -- 3.4 Induction Motor Control 51 -- 3.4.1 Variable-Voltage Variable-Frequency Control 51 -- 3.4.2 Field-Oriented Control 53 -- 3.4.3 Direct Torque Control 57 -- 3.5 Design Criteria of Induction Motor Drives for EVs 61 -- 3.6 Design Example of Induction Motor Drives for EVs 64 -- 3.7 Application Examples of Induction Motor Drives in EVs 67 -- 3.8 Matured Technology for EVs? 67 -- References 68 -- 4 Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor Drives 69 -- 4.1 PM Materials 69 -- 4.2 System Configurations 70 -- 4.3 PM Brushless Machines 72.

4.3.1 Structure of PM Brushless Machines 72 -- 4.3.2 Principle of PM Brushless Machines 75 -- 4.3.3 Modeling of PM Brushless Machines 78 -- 4.4 Inverters for PM Brushless Motors 82 -- 4.4.1 Inverter Requirements 82 -- 4.4.2 Switching Schemes for Brushless AC Operation 83 -- 4.4.3 Switching Schemes for Brushless DC Operation 84 -- 4.5 PM Brushless Motor Control 87 -- 4.5.1 PM Synchronous Motor Control 87 -- 4.5.2 PM Brushless DC Motor Control 91 -- 4.6 Design Criteria of PM Brushless Motor Drives for EVs 93 -- 4.7 Design Examples of PM Brushless Motor Drives for EVs 96 -- 4.7.1 Planetary-Geared PM Synchronous Motor Drive 96 -- 4.7.2 Outer-Rotor PM Brushless DC Motor Drive 100 -- 4.8 Application Examples of PM Brushless Motor Drives in EVs 103 -- 4.9 Preferred Technology for EVs? 104 -- References 106 -- 5 Switched Reluctance Motor Drives 108 -- 5.1 System Configurations 108 -- 5.2 SR Machines 110 -- 5.2.1 Structure of SR Machines 110 -- 5.2.2 Principle of SR Machines 112 -- 5.2.3 Modeling of SR Machines 115 -- 5.3 SR Converters 117 -- 5.3.1 SR Converter Topologies 118 -- 5.3.2 Soft-Switching SR Converter Topologies 119 -- 5.3.3 Comparison of SR Converters for EVs 123 -- 5.4 SR Motor Control 124 -- 5.4.1 Speed Control 124 -- 5.4.2 Torque-Ripple Minimization Control 126 -- 5.4.3 Position Sensorless Control 128 -- 5.5 Design Criteria of SR Motor Drives for EVs 131 -- 5.5.1 Machine Initialization 132 -- 5.5.2 Suppression of Acoustic Noise 136 -- 5.6 Examples of SR Motor Drives for EVs 137 -- 5.6.1 Planetary-Geared SR Motor Drive 137 -- 5.6.2 Outer-Rotor In-Wheel SR Motor Drive 141 -- 5.7 Application Examples of SR Motor Drives in EVs 144 -- 5.8 Maturing Technology for EVs? 144 -- References 145 -- 6 Stator-Permanent Magnet Motor Drives 147 -- 6.1 Stator-PM versus Rotor-PM 147 -- 6.2 System Configurations 148 -- 6.3 Doubly-Salient PM Motor Drives 149 -- 6.4 Flux-Reversal PM Motor Drives 157 -- 6.5 Flux-Switching PM Motor Drives 160 -- 6.6 Hybrid-Excited PM Motor Drives 161.

6.7 Flux-Mnemonic PM Motor Drives 165 -- 6.8 Design Criteria of Stator-PM Motor Drives for EVs 173 -- 6.9 Design Examples of Stator-PM Motor Drives for EVs 177 -- 6.9.1 Outer-Rotor Hybrid-Excited DSPM Motor Drive 177 -- 6.9.2 Outer-Rotor Flux-Mnemonic DSPM Motor Drive 181 -- 6.10 Potential Applications of Stator-PM Motor Drives in EVs 192 -- References 194 -- 7 Magnetic-Geared Motor Drives 195 -- 7.1 System Configurations 195 -- 7.2 Magnetic Gears 197 -- 7.2.1 Converted Magnetic Gears 198 -- 7.2.2 Field-Modulated Magnetic Gears 200 -- 7.3 MG Machines 203 -- 7.3.1 Principle of MG Machines 205 -- 7.3.2 Modeling of MG Machines 211 -- 7.4 Inverters for MG Motors 211 -- 7.5 MG Motor Control 212 -- 7.6 Design Criteria of MG Motor Drives for EVs 213 -- 7.7 Design Examples of MG Motor Drives for EVs 215 -- 7.7.1 MG PM Brushless DC In-Wheel Motor Drive 215 -- 7.7.2 MG PM Brushless AC In-Wheel Motor Drive 218 -- 7.8 Potential Applications of MG Motor Drives in EVs 224 -- References 225 -- 8 Vernier Permanent Magnet Motor Drives 227 -- 8.1 System Configurations 227 -- 8.2 Vernier PM Machines 228 -- 8.2.1 Vernier PM versus Magnetic-Geared PM 228 -- 8.2.2 Structure of Vernier PM Machines 229 -- 8.2.3 Principle of Vernier PM Machines 234 -- 8.2.4 Modeling of Vernier PM Machines 237 -- 8.3 Inverters for Vernier PM Motors 238 -- 8.4 Vernier PM Motor Control 239 -- 8.5 Design Criteria of Vernier PM Motor Drives for EVs 240 -- 8.6 Design Examples of Vernier PM Motor Drives for EVs 242 -- 8.6.1 Outer-Rotor Vernier PM Motor Drive 242 -- 8.6.2 Outer-Rotor Flux-Controllable Vernier PM Motor Drive 245 -- 8.7 Potential Applications of Vernier PM Motor Drives in EVs 251 -- References 251 -- 9 Advanced Magnetless Motor Drives 253 -- 9.1 What Is Advanced Magnetless? 253 -- 9.2 System Configurations 254 -- 9.3 Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives 255 -- 9.4 Doubly-Salient DC Motor Drives 257 -- 9.5 Flux-Switching DC Motor Drives 260 -- 9.6 Vernier Reluctance Motor Drives 264 -- 9.7 Doubly-Fed Vernier Reluctance Motor Drives 266.

9.8 Axial-Flux Magnetless Motor Drives 269 -- 9.9 Design Criteria of Advanced Magnetless Motor Drives for EVs 272 -- 9.10 Design Examples of Advanced Magnetless Motor Drives for EVs 272 -- 9.10.1 Multi-tooth Doubly-Salient DC Motor Drive 272 -- 9.10.2 Multi-tooth Flux-Switching DC Motor Drive 274 -- 9.10.3 Axial-Flux Doubly-Salient DC Motor Drive 276 -- 9.10.4 Axial-Flux Flux-Switching DC Motor Drive 283 -- 9.11 Potential Applications of Advanced Magnetless Motor Drives in EVs 288 -- References 289 -- 10 Integrated-Starter-Generator Systems 291 -- 10.1 Classification of HEVs 291 -- 10.2 ISG System Configurations 295 -- 10.3 ISG Machines 296 -- 10.4 ISG Operations 298 -- 10.4.1 Cranking 298 -- 10.4.2 Electricity Generation 298 -- 10.4.3 Idle Stop-Start 298 -- 10.4.4 Regenerative Braking 299 -- 10.4.5 Power Assistance 300 -- 10.5 Design Criteria of ISG Systems 300 -- 10.6 Design Examples of ISG Systems 301 -- 10.6.1 Double-Stator PM Synchronous Machine-Based ISG System 301 -- 10.6.2 Hybrid-Excited Doubly-Salient PM Machine-Based ISG System 303 -- 10.7 Application Examples of ISG Systems in HEVs 312 -- 10.8 Matured Technology for HEVs? 313 -- References 313 -- 11 Planetary-Geared Electric Variable Transmission Systems 315 -- 11.1 System Configurations 315 -- 11.2 Planetary Gears 316 -- 11.3 Input-Split PG EVT Systems 319 -- 11.3.1 Toyota Hybrid System 319 -- 11.3.2 Ford Hybrid System 324 -- 11.4 Compound-Split PG EVT Systems 326 -- 11.4.1 GM Two-Mode Hybrid System 327 -- 11.4.2 Renault Hybrid System 331 -- 11.4.3 Timken Hybrid System 332 -- 11.5 Design Criteria of PG EVT Systems 333 -- 11.6 Design Example of PG EVT Systems 334 -- 11.6.1 PM Synchronous PG EVT System Configuration 334 -- 11.6.2 PM Synchronous Machine Design 335 -- 11.6.3 PM Synchronous Machine Analysis 336 -- 11.7 Application Examples of PG EVT Systems in HEVs 339 -- 11.8 Matured Technology for HEVs? 341 -- References 342 -- 12 Double-Rotor Electric Variable Transmission Systems 343 -- 12.1 System Configurations 343.

12.2 Double-Rotor Machines 345 -- 12.2.1 Multi-port Machine Concept 345 -- 12.2.2 DR Machine Structure 346 -- 12.3 Basic Double-Rotor EVT Systems 347 -- 12.3.1 DR EVT Structure 347 -- 12.3.2 DR EVT Modeling 349 -- 12.3.3 DR EVT Operation 350 -- 12.4 Advanced Double-Rotor EVT Systems 351 -- 12.4.1 PM DR EVT System 353 -- 12.4.2 SR DR EVT System 354 -- 12.4.3 Axial-Flux DR EVT System 356 -- 12.4.4 Advanced Magnetless DR EVT System 357 -- 12.5 Design Criteria of DR EVT Systems 359 -- 12.6 Design Example of DR EVT Systems 359 -- 12.6.1 DSDC DR EVT System Configuration 360 -- 12.6.2 DSDC DR Machine Design 360 -- 12.6.3 DSDC DR Machine Analysis 360 -- 12.7 Potential Applications of DR EVT Systems in HEVs 364 -- References 365 -- 13 Magnetic-Geared Electric Variable Transmission Systems 367 -- 13.1 System Configurations 367 -- 13.2 Multi-port Magnetic Gears 369 -- 13.2.1 Magnetic Planetary Gears 369 -- 13.2.2 Magnetic Concentric Gears 371 -- 13.3 Magnetic Planetary-Geared EVT System 373 -- 13.4 Magnetic Concentric-Geared EVT System 375 -- 13.5 Design Criteria of MG EVT Systems 380 -- 13.6 Design Example of MG EVT Systems 382 -- 13.6.1 MCG EVT System Configuration 382 -- 13.6.2 Integrated MCG Machine Design 384 -- 13.6.3 Integrated MCG Machine Analysis 386 -- 13.7 Potential Applications of MG EVT Systems in HEVs 392 -- References 392 -- Index 393.