PREFACE xi -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xiii -- LIST OF 66 EXAMPLES xv -- PART I MAGNETICS 1 -- 1 Introduction 3 -- 1.1 Overview of Magnetic Actuators 3 -- 1.2 Overview of Magnetic Sensors 4 -- 1.3 Actuators and Sensors in Motion Control Systems 5 -- 1.4 Magnetic Actuators and Sensors in Mechatronics 7 -- References 8 -- 2 Basic Electromagnetics 9 -- 2.1 Vectors 9 -- 2.2 Ampere's Law 14 -- 2.3 Magnetic Materials 17 -- 2.4 Faraday's Law 22 -- 2.5 Potentials 25 -- 2.6 Maxwell's Equations 28 -- Problems 29 -- References 31 -- 3 Reluctance Method 33 -- 3.1 Simplifying Ampere's Law 33 -- 3.2 Applications 37 -- 3.3 Fringing Flux 40 -- 3.4 Complex Reluctance 41 -- 3.5 Limitations 41 -- Problems 42 -- References 42 -- 4 Finite-Element Method 43 -- 4.1 Energy Conservation and Functional Minimization 43 -- 4.2 Triangular Elements for Magnetostatics 45 -- 4.3 Matrix Equation 46 -- 4.4 Finite-Element Models 49 -- Problems 53 -- References 53 -- 5 Magnetic Force 55 -- 5.1 Magnetic Flux Line Plots 55 -- 5.2 Magnetic Energy 60 -- 5.3 Magnetic Force on Steel 61 -- 5.4 Magnetic Pressure on Steel 65 -- 5.5 Lorentz Force 66 -- 5.6 Permanent Magnets 67 -- 5.7 Magnetic Torque 72 -- 5.8 Magnetic Volume Forces on Permeable Particles 73 -- Problems 75 -- References 76 -- 6 Other Magnetic Performance Parameters 79 -- 6.1 Magnetic Flux and Flux Linkage 79 -- 6.2 Inductance 82 -- 6.3 Capacitance 86 -- 6.4 Impedance 88 -- Problems 91 -- References 91 -- PART II ACTUATORS 93 -- 7 Magnetic Actuators Operated by DC 95 -- 7.1 Solenoid Actuators 95 -- 7.2 Voice Coil Actuators 106 -- 7.3 Other Actuators Using Coils and Permanent Magnets 108 -- 7.4 Proportional Actuators 109 -- 7.5 Rotary Actuators 112 -- 7.6 Magnetic Bearings and Couplings 114 -- 7.7 Magnetic Separators 117 -- Problems 125 -- References 127 -- 8 Magnetic Actuators Operated by AC 129 -- 8.1 Skin Depth 129 -- 8.2 Power Losses in Steel 130 -- 8.3 Force Pulsations 135 -- 8.4 Cuts in Steel 139 -- References 145 -- 9 Magnetic Actuator Transient Operation 147.

9.1 Basic Timeline 147 -- 9.2 Size, Force, and Acceleration 148 -- 9.3 Linear Magnetic Diffusion Times 150 -- 9.4 Nonlinear Magnetic Infusion Times 156 -- 9.5 Nonlinear Magnetic Effusion Time 164 -- 9.6 Pulse Response of Nonlinear Steel 169 -- Problems 171 -- References 174 -- PART III SENSORS 175 -- 10 Hall Effect and Magnetoresistive Sensors 177 -- 10.1 Simple Hall Voltage Equation 177 -- 10.2 Hall Effect Conductivity Tensor 179 -- 10.3 Finite-Element Computation of Hall Fields 182 -- 10.4 Hall Sensors for Position or Current 190 -- 10.5 Magnetoresistance 193 -- 10.6 Magnetoresistive Heads for Hard Disk Drives 194 -- 10.7 Giant Magnetoresistive Spin Valve Sensors 195 -- Problems 198 -- References 198 -- 11 Other Magnetic Sensors 201 -- 11.1 Speed Sensors Based on Faraday's Law 201 -- 11.2 Inductive Recording Heads 203 -- 11.3 Proximity Sensors Using Impedance 206 -- 11.4 Linear Variable Differential Transformers 210 -- 11.5 Magnetostrictive Sensors 213 -- 11.6 Fluxgate Sensors 215 -- 11.7 Chattock Coil Field and Current Sensor 219 -- 11.8 Squid Magnetometers 222 -- 11.9 Magnetoimpedance and Miniature Sensors 223 -- 11.10 MEMS Sensors 224 -- Problems 225 -- References 226 -- PART IV SYSTEMS 229 -- 12 Coil Design and Temperature Calculations 231 -- 12.1 Wire Size Determination for DC Currents 231 -- 12.2 Coil Time Constant and Impedance 234 -- 12.3 Skin Effects and Proximity Effects for AC Currents 235 -- 12.4 Finite-Element Computation Of Temperatures 239 -- Problems 246 -- References 246 -- 13 Electromagnetic Compatibility 249 -- 13.1 Signal-To-Noise Ratio 249 -- 13.2 Shields and Apertures 250 -- 13.3 Test Chambers 255 -- Problems 260 -- References 260 -- 14 Electromechanical Finite Elements 263 -- 14.1 Electromagnetic Finite-Element Matrix Equation 263 -- 14.2 0D and 1D Finite Elements for Coupling Electric Circuits 266 -- 14.3 Structural Finite-Element Matrix Equation 272 -- 14.4 Force and Motion Computation by Time Stepping 273 -- 14.5 Typical Electromechanical Applications 275.

Problems 286 -- References 286 -- 15 Electromechanical Analysis Using Systems Models 289 -- 15.1 Electric Circuit Models of Magnetic Devices 289 -- 15.2 VHDL-AMS/Simplorer Models 296 -- 15.3 MATLAB/Simulink Models 301 -- 15.4 Including Eddy Current Diffusion Using a Resistor 307 -- 15.5 Magnetic Actuator Systems for 2D Planar Motion 312 -- 15.6 Optimizing Magnetic Actuator Systems 313 -- Problems 324 -- References 325 -- 16 Coupled Electrohydraulic Analysis Using Systems Models 327 -- 16.1 Comparing Hydraulics and Magnetics 327 -- 16.2 Hydraulic Basics and Electrical Analogies 328 -- 16.3 Modeling Hydraulic Circuits in Spice 330 -- 16.4 Electrohydraulic Models in Spice and Simplorer 334 -- 16.5 Hydraulic Valves and Cylinders in Systems Models 341 -- 16.6 Magnetic Diffusion Resistor in Electrohydraulic Models 348 -- 16.7 Optimization of an Electrohydraulic System 352 -- 16.8 Magnetic Actuators for Digital Hydraulics 353 -- Problems 357 -- References 357 -- APPENDIX A: SYMBOLS, DIMENSIONS, AND UNITS 359 -- APPENDIX B: NONLINEAR B-H CURVES 361 -- APPENDIX C: FINAL ANSWERS FOR ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 367 -- INDEX 371.