Introduction -- Contributors -- 1 BASIC PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS OF EMG SIGNAL GENERATION (T. Moritani, D. Stegeman, R. Merletti) -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Basic Physiology of Motor Control and Muscle Contraction -- 1.3 Basic Electrophysiology of the Muscle Cell Membrane -- References -- 2 NEEDLE AND WIRE DETECTION TECHNIQUES (J. V. Trontelj, J. Jabre, M. Mihelin) -- 2.1 Anatomical and Physiological Background of Intramuscular Recording -- 2.2 Recording Characteristics of Needle Electrodes -- 2.3 Conventional Needle EMG -- 2.4 Special Needle Recording Techniques -- 2.5 Physical Characteristics of Needle EMG Signals -- 2.6 Recording Equipment -- References -- 3 DECOMPOSITION OF INTRAMUSCULAR EMG SIGNALS (D. W. Stashuk, D. Farina, K. Sgaard) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic Steps for EMG Signal Decomposition -- 3.3 Evaluation of Performance of EMG Signal Decomposition Algorithms -- 3.4 Applications of Results of the Decomposition of an Intramuscular EMG Signal -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 BIOPHYSICS OF THE GENERATION OF EMG SIGNALS (D. Farina, R. Merletti, D. F. Stegeman) -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 EMG Signal Generation -- 4.3 Crosstalk -- 4.4 Relationships between Surface EMG Features and Developed Force -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 DETECTION AND CONDITIONING OF THE SURFACE EMG SIGNAL (R. Merletti, H. Hermens) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Electrodes: Their Transfer Function -- 5.3 Electrodes: Their Impedance, Noise, and dc Voltages -- 5.4 Electrode Configuration, Distance, Location -- 5.5 EMG Front-End Amplifiers -- 5.6 EMG Filters: Specifications -- 5.7 Sampling and A/D Conversion -- 5.8 European Recommendations on Electrodes and Electrode Locations -- References -- 6 SINGLE-CHANNEL TECHNIQUES FOR INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM THE SURFACE EMG SIGNAL (E. A. Clancy, D. Farina, G. Filligoi) -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Spectral Estimation of Deterministic Signals and Stochastic Processes -- 6.3 Basic Surface EMG Signal Models -- 6.4 Surface EMG Amplitude Estimation.

6.5 Extraction of Information in Frequency Domain from Surface EMG Signals -- 6.6 Joint Analysis of EMG Spectrum and Amplitude (JASA) -- 6.7 Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Surface EMG Signals -- 6.8 Conclusions -- References -- 7 MULTI-CHANNEL TECHNIQUES FOR INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM THE SURFACE EMG (D. Farina, R. Merletti, C. Disselhorst-Klug) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Spatial Filtering -- 7.3 Spatial Sampling -- 7.4 Estimation of Muscle-Fiber Conduction Velocity -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 EMG MODELING AND SIMULATION (D. F. Stegeman, R. Merletti, H. J. Hermens) -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Phenomenological Models of EMG -- 8.3 Elements of Structure-Based SEMG Models -- 8.4 Basic Assumptions -- 8.5 Elementary Sources of Bioelectric Muscle Activity -- 8.6 Fiber Membrane Activity Profiles, Their Generation, Propagation, and Extinction -- 8.7 Structure of the Motor Unit -- 8.8 Volume Conduction -- 8.9 Modeling EMG Detection Systems -- 8.10 Modeling Motor Unit Recruitment and Firing Behavior -- 8.11 Inverse Modeling -- 8.12 Modeling of Muscle Fatigue -- 8.13 Other Applications of Modeling -- 8.14 Conclusions -- References -- 9 MYOELECTRIC MANIFESTATIONS OF MUSCLE FATIGUE (R. Merletti, A. Rainoldi, D. Farina) -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Definitions and Sites of Neuromuscular Fatigue -- 9.3 Assessment of Muscle Fatigue -- 9.4 How Fatigue Is Reflected in Surface EMG Variables -- 9.5 Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue in Isometric Voluntary Contractions -- 9.6 Fiber Typing and Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue -- 9.7 Factors Affecting Surface EMG Variable -- 9.8 Repeatability of Estimates of EMG Variables and Fatigue Indexes -- 9.9 Conclusions -- References -- 10 ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES (D. Zazula, S. Karlsson, C. Doncarli) -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Theoretical Background -- 10.3 Decomposition of EMG Signals -- 10.4 Applications to Monitoring Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue -- 10.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment.

References -- 11 SURFACE MECHANOMYOGRAM (C. Orizio) -- 11.1 The Mechanomyogram (MMG): General Aspects during Stimulated and Voluntary Contraction -- 11.2 Detection Techniques and Sensors Comparison -- 11.3 Comparison between Different Detectors -- 11.4 Simulation -- 11.5 MMG Versus Force: Joint and Adjunct Information Content -- 11.6 MMG Versus EMG: Joint and Adjunct Information Content -- 11.7 Area of Application -- References -- 12 SURFACE EMG APPLICATIONS IN NEUROLOGY (M. J. Zwarts, D. F. Stegeman, J. G. van Dijk) -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Central Nervous System Disorders and SEMG -- 12.3 Compound Muscle Action Potential and Motor Nerve Conduction -- 12.4 CMAP Generation -- 12.5 Clinical Applications -- 12.6 Pathological Fatigue -- 12.7 New Avenues: High-Density Multichannel Recording -- 12.8 Conclusion -- References -- 13 APPLICATIONS IN ERGONOMICS (G. M. Hgg, B. Melin, R. Kadefors) -- 13.1 Historic Perspective -- 13.2 Basic Workload Concepts in Ergonomics -- 13.3 Basic Surface EMG Signal Processing -- 13.4 Load Estimation and SEMG Normalization and Calibration -- 13.5 Amplitude Data Reduction over Time -- 13.6 Electromyographic Signal Alterations Indicating Muscle Fatigue in Ergonomics -- 13.7 SEMG Biofeedback in Ergonomics -- 13.8 Surface EMG and Musculoskeletal Disorders -- 13.9 Psychological Effects on EMG -- References -- 14 APPLICATIONS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY (F. Felici) -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 A Few ¿́¿Tips and Tricks¿́¿ -- 14.3 Time and Frequency Domain Analysis of sEMG: What Are We Looking For? -- 14.4 Application of sEMG to the Study of Exercise -- 14.5 Strength and Power Training -- 14.6 Muscle Damage Studied by Means of sEMG -- References -- 15 APPLICATIONS IN MOVEMENT AND GAIT ANALYSIS (C. Frigo, R. Shiavi) -- 15.1 Relevance of Electromyography in Kinesiology -- 15.2 Typical Acquisition Settings -- 15.3 Study of Motor Control Strategies -- 15.4 Investigation on the Mechanical Effect of Muscle Contraction -- 15.5 Gait Analysis -- 15.6 Identification of Pathophysiologic Factors.

15.7 Workload Assessment in Occupational Biomechanics -- 15.8 Biofeedback -- 15.9 The Linear Envelope -- 15.10 Information Enhancement through Multifactorial Analysis -- References -- 16 APPLICATIONS IN REHABILITATION MEDICINE AND RELATED FIELDS (A. Rainoldi, R. Casale, P. Hodges, G. Jull) -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Electromyography as a Tool in Back and Neck Pain -- 16.3 EMG of the Pelvic Floor: A New Challenge in Neurological Rehabilitation -- 16.4 Age-Related Effects on EMG Assessment of Muscle Physiology -- 16.5 Surface EMG and Hypobaric Hipoxia -- 16.6 Microgravity Effects on Neuromuscular System -- References -- 17 BIOFEEDBACK APPLICATIONS (J. R. Cram) -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Biofeedback Application to Impairment Syndromes -- 17.3 SEMG Biofeedback Techniques -- 17.4 Summary -- References -- 18 CONTROL OF POWERED UPPER LIMB PROSTHESES (P. A. Parker, K. B. Englehart, B. S. Hudgins) -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Myoelectric Signal as a Control Input -- 18.3 Conventional Myoelectric Control -- 18.4 Emerging MEC Strategies -- 18.5 Summary -- References -- Index.