PREFACE xxi -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxiii -- CONTRIBUTORS xxv -- 1 Introduction to Biomedical Telemetry 1 /Konstantina S. Nikita -- 1.1 What is Biomedical Telemetry? 1 -- 1.2 Significance of Area, 3 -- 1.3 Typical Biomedical Telemetry System, 4 -- 1.4 Challenges in Biomedical Telemetry, 5 -- 1.5 Commercial Medical Telemetry Devices, 14 -- 1.6 Overview of Book, 19 -- References, 23 -- PART I BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY DEVICES 27 -- 2 Design Considerations of Biomedical Telemetry Devices 29 /Dominik Cirmirakis and Andreas Demosthenous -- 2.1 Introduction, 29 -- 2.2 Energy Transfer Types, 30 -- 2.3 Architecture of Inductively Coupled Biomedical Telemetry Devices, 31 -- 2.4 Data Transmission Methods, 39 -- 2.5 Safety Issues, 44 -- 2.6 Conclusion, 51 -- References, 51 -- 3 Sensing Principles for Biomedical Telemetry 56 /Athanasios Lioumpas, Georgia Ntouni, and Konstantina S. Nikita -- 3.1 Introduction, 56 -- 3.2 Biosensor Structure, 57 -- 3.3 Electrochemical Biosensors, 59 -- 3.4 Optical Biosensors, 63 -- 3.5 Thermal/Calorimetric Biosensors, 67 -- 3.6 Piezoelectric Biosensors, 69 -- 3.7 Other Types of Biosensors, 71 -- 3.8 Conclusions, 72 -- References, 73 -- 4 Sensing Technologies for Biomedical Telemetry 76 /Toshiyo Tamura -- 4.1 Introduction, 76 -- 4.2 Noninvasive Sensors and Interfaces, 77 -- 4.3 Invasive and Implantable Sensors, 92 -- 4.4 Conclusion, 101 -- References, 101 -- 5 Power Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 108 /Manos M. Tentzeris, Rushi Vyas,WeiWei, Yoshihiro Kawahara, Li Yang, Stavros Georgakopoulos, Vasileios Lakafosis, Sangkil Kim, Hoseon Lee, Taoran Le, Sagar Mukala, and Anya Traille -- 5.1 Introduction and Powering Mechanisms, 108 -- 5.2 Motion-Powered Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Wireless Sensors, 109 -- 5.3 Noninvasive Wireless Methods for Powering on Sensors, 112 -- 5.4 Conclusion, 129 -- References, 129 -- PART II PROPAGATION AND COMMUNICATION ISSUES FOR BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 131 -- 6 Numerical and Experimental Techniques for Body Area Electromagnetics 133 /Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita.

6.1 Introduction, 133 -- 6.2 Electrical Properties of Human Body Tissues, 135 -- 6.3 Numerical Modeling, 139 -- 6.4 Physical Modeling, 154 -- 6.5 Safety Issues, 164 -- 6.6 Conclusion, 167 -- References, 168 -- 7 Inductive Coupling 174 /Maysam Ghovanloo and Mehdi Kiani -- 7.1 Introduction, 174 -- 7.2 Induction Principles, 175 -- 7.3 Wireless Power Transmission, 178 -- 7.4 Inductive Coupling for Biomedical Telemetry, 186 -- 7.5 Inductive Data Transmission, 192 -- 7.6 Broader Applications, 201 -- 7.7 Future Research Directions, 202 -- 7.8 Conclusion, 202 -- References, 203 -- 8 Antennas and RF Communication 209 /Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita -- 8.1 Introduction, 209 -- 8.2 Background Information, 211 -- 8.3 On-Body Antennas, 212 -- 8.4 Implantable Antennas, 223 -- 8.5 Ingestible Antennas, 235 -- 8.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions, 245 -- References, 246 -- 9 Intrabody Communication 252 /Laura M. Roa, Javier Reina-Tosina, Amparo Callejon-Leblic, David Naranjo, and Miguel A. Estudillo-Valderrama -- 9.1 Introduction, 252 -- 9.2 Intrabody Communication Transmission Methods, 256 -- 9.3 Dielectric Properties of Human Body, 259 -- 9.4 Experimental Characterization of IBC Channel, 265 -- 9.5 Introduction to IBC Models, 273 -- 9.6 IBC Propagation Channel, 282 -- 9.7 Conclusion, 292 -- Acknowledgments, 294 -- References, 294 -- 10 Optical Biotelemetry 301 /Koichi Shimizu -- 10.1 Introduction, 301 -- 10.2 Optical Technology for Optical Biotelemetry, 303 -- 10.3 Communication Technology for Optical Telemetry, 306 -- 10.4 Propagation of Optical Signal, 309 -- 10.5 Multiplexing in Optical Telemetry, 313 -- 10.6 Applications of Optical Telemetry, 316 -- 10.7 Conclusion, 327 -- References, 328 -- 11 Biosensor Communication Technology and Standards 330 /Lars Schmitt, Javier Espina, Thomas Falck, and Dong Wang -- 11.1 Introduction, 330 -- 11.2 Biosensor Application Scenarios, 332 -- 11.3 Biosensor Communication Technologies, 335 -- 11.4 Conclusion, 364 -- References, 365.

12 Context-Aware Sensing and Multisensor Fusion 368 /Stefan Hey -- 12.1 Introduction, 368 -- 12.2 Context-Aware Sensing, 368 -- 12.3 Multisensor Fusion, 373 -- 12.4 Example Application: Stress Measurement, 378 -- 12.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions, 379 -- References, 379 -- 13 Security and Privacy in Biomedical Telemetry: Mobile Health Platform for Secure Information Exchange 382 /Nikolaos Bourbakis, Alexandros Pantelopoulos, and Raghudeep Kannavara -- 13.1 Introduction, 382 -- 13.2 Digital Security, 383 -- 13.3 Wearable Health Monitoring Systems (WHMS) Platform, 390 -- 13.4 Processing of Physiological Data, 394 -- 13.5 Secure Information Exchange, 400 -- 13.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions, 414 -- Acknowledgment, 415 -- References, 415 -- 14 Connection Between Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine 419 /Emmanouil G. Spanakis, Vangelis Sakkalis, Kostas Marias, and Manolis Tsiknakis -- 14.1 Introduction, 419 -- 14.2 Biomedical Instrumentation, 420 -- 14.3 Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine: Related Work, 421 -- 14.4 Theory and Applications of Biomedical Telemetry, 423 -- 14.5 Integration of Biomedical Telemetry with Telemedicine, 423 -- 14.6 Wireless Communication Protocols and Standards, 425 -- 14.7 Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine Health Networks, 425 -- 14.8 Telecommunication Networks in Health Care for Biomedical Telemetry, 428 -- 14.9 Future Research Directions and Challenges, 437 -- 14.10 Conclusion, 440 -- References, 442 -- 15 Safety Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 445 /Konstantinos A. Psathas, Asimina Kiourti, and Konstantina S. Nikita -- 15.1 Introduction, 445 -- 15.2 Operational Safety, 446 -- 15.3 Product and Device Hazards, 450 -- 15.4 Patient and Clinical Safety, 454 -- 15.5 Human Factor and Use Issues, 458 -- 15.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Interference Issues, 461 -- 15.7 Applicable Guidelines, 464 -- 15.8 Occupational Safety, 471 -- 15.9 Future Research Directions, 472 -- 15.10 Conclusion, 473.

References, 474 -- PART III EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 479 -- 16 Clinical Applications of Body Sensor Networks 481 /Richard M. Kwasnicki and Guang-Zhong Yang -- 16.1 Introduction, 481 -- 16.2 Healthcare Paradigm Shift for Pervasive Sensing, 483 -- 16.3 Usage Scenarios, 484 -- 16.4 Opportunities and Future Challenges, 494 -- 16.5 Conclusion, 501 -- Acknowledgment, 502 -- References, 502 -- 17 Wearable Health Care System Paradigm 505 /Yang Hao and Robert Foster -- 17.1 Introduction, 505 -- 17.2 Wireless Wearable Technology in Health Care, 506 -- 17.3 Methods and Design Approach for Wireless Wearable Systems, 509 -- 17.4 Example Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Applications in Health Care, 516 -- 17.5 Conclusion, 521 -- References, 521 -- 18 Epidermal Sensor Paradigm: Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring 525 /Dimitris Psychoudakis, Chi-Chih Chen, Gil-Young Lee, and John L. Volakis -- 18.1 Introduction, 525 -- 18.2 Review of Electromagnetic Properties of Human Body, 526 -- 18.3 Propagation Modes for Body-Centric Wireless Communications, 531 -- 18.4 Human Torso Model for Body-Centric Wireless Communication, 537 -- 18.5 Two-Layer Model for Internal Organ Monitoring, 542 -- 18.6 Epidermal RF Sensor for Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring, 542 -- 18.7 Extraction of Dielectric Constant, 544 -- 18.8 Conclusion, 546 -- References, 547 -- 19 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm 549 /Masaharu Takahashi and Koichi Ito -- 19.1 Introduction, 549 -- 19.2 Multilayered Model Simulating Human Body, 550 -- 19.3 Cardiac Pacemaker Embedded in Multilayered Models, 554 -- 19.4 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm, 562 -- 19.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions, 568 -- References, 570 -- 20 Ingestible Health Care System Paradigm forWireless Capsule Endoscopy 572 /Nikolaos Bourbakis and Alexandros Karargyris -- 20.1 Introduction, 572 -- 20.2 WCE and Endoscopic Imaging, 576 -- 20.3 Diagnostic Methods and Challenges, 585 -- 20.4 Future Directions: Design New Generation of WCE, 586.

20.5 Conclusion and WCE Global Health Care, 591 -- References, 591 -- 21 Stimulator Paradigm: Artificial Retina 593 /Carlos J. Cela, Keyoor C. Gosalia, Anil Kumar RamRakhyani, Gianluca Lazzi, Shruthi Soora, Gerard J. Hayes, and Michael D. Dickey -- 21.1 Introduction, 593 -- 21.2 Telemetry for Artificial Retina, 594 -- 21.3 Intraocular Telemetry Antennas, 595 -- 21.4 Multicoil Telemetry, 611 -- 21.5 Future Research Directions: Flexible and Liquid Antennas, 618 -- 21.6 Conclusion, 620 -- References, 620 -- 22 mHealth-Integrated System Paradigm: Diabetes Management 623 /Alessio Fioravanti, Giuseppe Fico, Alejandro Gonzl̀ez Patƒon, Jan-Paul Leuteritz, Alejandra Guillň Arredondo, and Mara̕ Teresa Arredondo Waldmeyer -- /22.1 Clinical Treatment, 623 -- 22.2 Diabetes Treatment through Telemetry, 624 -- 22.3 Problems Related to Current Treatments, 625 -- 22.4 Assessment: State of the Art, 625 -- 22.5 Technological Solution, 626 -- 22.6 METABO System, 627 -- 22.7 Evaluation Methodology: Data Collection and System Testing, 629 -- 22.8 Results, 631 -- 22.9 Conclusion, 631 -- Acknowledgments, 632 -- References, 632 -- 23 Advanced Material-Based Sensing Structures 633 /Manos M. Tentzeris, Sangkil Kim, Vasileios Lakafosis, Hoseon Lee, Taoran Le, Rushi Vyas, Sagar Mukala, and Anya Traille -- 23.1 Introduction, 633 -- 23.2 Human-Body-Wearable Antennas, 634 -- 23.3 Carbon-Nanotube-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis, 656 -- 23.4 Graphene-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis, 670 -- 23.5 Integrated Wireless Modules, 679 -- 23.6 Conclusion, 685 -- References, 686 -- INDEX 691.