Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background: A Brief History of U.S. Electric Utility Formation and Restructuring -- 1.2 Power Deregulation and Distributed Generation -- 1.3 DG Types -- 1.4 Fuel Cell DG -- 1.5 The Hydrogen Economy -- 2 Principles of Operation of Fuel Cells -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Chemical and Thermal Energy of an Element -- 2.3 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics -- 2.4 Fundamentals of Electrochemical Processes -- 2.5 Energy Balance in Chemical Reactions -- 2.6 The Nernst Equation -- 2.7 Fuel Cell Basics -- 2.8 Types of Fuel Cells -- 2.9 Fuel Cell Equivalent Circuit -- 2.10 Capacitance of Double-Layer Charge Effect -- 2.11 Summary -- 3 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of PEM Fuel Cells -- 3.1 Introduction: Need for Fuel Cell Dynamic Models -- 3.2 Nomenclature (PEMFC) -- 3.3 PEMFC Dynamic Model Development -- 3.4 PEMFC Model Structure -- 3.5 Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model of PEMFC -- 3.6 PEMFC Model Validation -- 4 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Nomenclature (SOFC) -- 4.3 SOFC Dynamic Model Development -- 4.4 SOFC Dynamic Model Structure -- 4.5 SOFC Model Response-Constant Fuel Flow Operation -- 4.6 SOFC Model Response-Constant Fuel Utilization Operation -- 5 Principles of Operation and Modeling of Electrolyzers -- 5.1 Principle of Operation of Electrolyzers -- 5.2 Dynamic Modeling of Electrolyzers -- 5.3 Electrolyzer Model Implementation -- 6 Power Electronic Interfacing Circuits for Fuel Cell Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Overview of Basic Power Electronic Switches -- 6.3 ac/dc Rectifiers -- 6.4 dc to dc Converters -- 6.5 Three-Phase dc/ac Inverters -- 7 Control of Grid-Connected Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Grid-Connected System Configuration -- 7.3 Controller Designs for dc/dc Converters and the Inverter -- 7.4 Simulation Results -- 7.5 Summary -- 8 Control of Stand-Alone Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 System Description and Control Strategy.

8.3 Load Transient Mitigation Control -- 8.4 Simulation Results -- 8.5 Summary -- 9 Hybrid Fuel Cell Based Energy System Case Studies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Hybrid Electronically Interfaced Systems -- 9.3 Fuel Cells in Hybrid Combined Heat and Power Operation Mode -- 9.4 Case Study I: A Hybrid Stand-Alone Wind-PV-FC System -- 9.5 Case Study II: SOFC Efficiency Evaluation in Hybrid Operation Mode -- 9.6 Summary -- 10 Present Challenges and Future of Fuel Cells -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Fuel Cell System Operations -- 10.3 Present Challenges and Opportunities -- 10.4 U.S. Fuel Cell R&D Programs -- 10.5 Future of Fuel Cells: A Summary and Authors Opinions -- References -- Appendix A Instruction for Running the PEMFC and SOFC Models and Their Distributed Generation Application Models -- Index.