Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 System Availability -- 2.1 Availability, Service and Elements -- 2.2 Classical View -- 2.3 Customers' View -- 2.4 Standards View -- 3 Conceptual Model of Reliability and Availability -- 3.1 Concept of Highly Available Systems -- 3.2 Conceptual Model of System Availability -- 3.3 Failures -- 3.4 Outage Resolution -- 3.5 Downtime Budgets -- 4 Why Availability Varies Between Customers -- 4.1 Causes of Variation in Outage Event Reporting -- 4.2 Causes of Variation in Outage Duration -- 5 Modeling Availability -- 5.1 Overview of Modeling Techniques -- 5.2 Modeling Definitions -- 5.3 Practical Modeling -- 5.4 Widget Example -- 5.5 Alignment with Industry Standards -- 6 Estimating Parameters and Availability from Field Data -- 6.1 Self-Maintaining Customers -- 6.2 Analyzing Field Outage Data -- 6.3 Analyzing Performance and Alarm Data -- 6.4 Coverage Factor and Failure Rate -- 6.5 Uncovered Failure Recovery Time -- 6.6 Covered Failure Detection and Recovery Time -- 7 Estimating Input Parameters from Lab Data -- 7.1 Hardware Failure Rate -- 7.2 Software Failure Rate -- 7.3 Coverage Factors -- 7.4 Timing Parameters -- 7.5 System-Level Parameters -- 8 Estimating Input Parameters in the Architecture/Design Stage -- 8.1 Hardware Parameters -- 8.2 System-Level Parameters -- 8.3 Sensitivity Analysis -- 9 Prediction Accuracy -- 9.1 How Much Field Data Is Enough? -- 9.2 How Does One Measure Sampling and Prediction Errors? -- 9.3 What Causes Prediction Errors? -- 10 Connecting the Dots -- 10.1 Set Availability Requirements -- 10.2 Incorporate Architectural and Design Techniques -- 10.3 Modeling to Verify Feasibility -- 10.4 Testing -- 10.5 Update Availability Prediction -- 10.6 Periodic Field Validation and Model Update -- 10.7 Building an Availability Roadmap -- 10.8 Reliability Report -- 11 Summary -- Appendix A System Reliability Report outline -- 1 Executive Summary -- 2 Reliability Requirements -- 3 Unplanned Downtime Model and Results.

Annex A Reliability Definitions -- Annex B References -- Annex C Markov Model State-Transition Diagrams -- Appendix B Reliability and Availability Theory -- 1 Reliability and Availability Definitions -- 2 Probability Distributions in Reliability Evaluation -- 3 Estimation of Confidence Intervals -- Appendix C Software Reliability Growth Models -- 1 Software Characteristic Models -- 2 Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process Models -- Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Appendix E Bibliography -- Index -- About the Authors.