This book aims to restore Marx’s original emancipatory idea of socialism, conceived as an association of free individuals centered on working people’s self-emancipation after the demise of capitalism. Marxist scholar Paresh Chattopadhyay argues that Marx’s (and Engels’s) ideas have been deliberately warped with misinterpretation not only by those who resent these ideas but more consequentially by those who have come to power under the banner of Marx, calling themselves communists. This book challenges those who have inaccurately revised Marx’s ideas justify their own pursuit of political power.