Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War is considered in both history and political science as a text of fundamental disciplinary relevance. However, neither discipline takes the other discipline into account during debates about Thucydides. This collection addresses this inter-disciplinary gap, asking how can and should the two disciplines approach Thucydides in the 21st century. This collection gives the reader an overview of recent scholarly work, interests, and developments in both disciplines with regard to Thucydides. It also establishes the question of 'political order' as a common theme in relation to Thucydides for historians and political scientists alike and identifies a common research agenda for future scholarly work on Thucydides across the disciplines.