Introduction -- 1. Finite element models of the knee joint -- 1.1 Knee joint models geometries -- 1.2 Material properties of hard and soft tissues -- 1.2.1 Material properties of articular cartilage -- 1.2.2 Material properties of menisci -- 1.2.3 Material properties of ligaments -- 1.2.4 Material properties of bony structure -- 2. Finite Element Analysis applications in knee joint biomechanical studies -- 2.1 Current FEA applications on ligament injury -- 2.2 Current FEA applications on meniscus injury -- 2.3 Current FEA applications on knee joint contact analysis and cartilage disease -- 3. Overview of high tibial osteotomy and optimization of correction angle -- 3.1 High tibial osteotomy definition -- 3.2 Current FEA studies on HTO procedure -- 3.3 Current clinical studies on optimizing correction angle -- 3.4 Current biomechanical studies on optimizing correction angle -- 4. Conclusions and future work -- References.