Introduction -- Working principle of Pelton turbines -- Injector characteristics -- Jet characteristics and measurements -- Interaction between the jet and Pelton wheel -- Fluid mechanics in the rotating bucket -- Water spreading in the rotating bucket -- Exit flow conditions -- Exit flows and hydraulic losses -- Fricton effects and flow friction theorem -- Viscous cross-flow through the bucket -- Viscous longitudinal flow through the bucket -- Friction and windage losses in Pelton wheels -- Power loss due to bearing frictions -- Hydraulic and mechanical efficiency -- Real hydraulic efficiency characteristics -- Runaway speed and acceleration profile -- Hydraulic design of Pelton turbines -- Multi-jet Pelton turbines -- Geometric and hydraulic similarities -- Model turbine tests and efficiency scale-up -- Sand abrasion and particle motion in the bucket flow -- Bucket mechanical strength and similarity laws -- Appendices: Nomenclature -- Definition of derived parameters -- Specific speed and application in Pelton turbines -- Specification of the jet piece for a bucket -- Specification of the bucket positions -- Particle motion along the streamlines in the Pelton Bucket.